Nikhil Prasad Fact checked by:Thailand Medical News Team May 12, 2024 2 months, 2 weeks, 1 day, 1 hour, 47 minutes ago
Medical News: The discovery of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in urban Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) in South Korea has brought attention to the potential zoonotic transmission of this virus and its implications for public health. This groundbreaking research covered in this
Medical News report, conducted by a team of experts from Korea University College of Medicine, sheds light on the prevalence, genetic diversity, and zoonotic potential of HEV-C1 (Rocahepevirus ratti genotype C1) in wild rat populations. The findings underscore the need for proactive measures to address emerging viral threats and protect human health.
South Korean Researchers Find Urban Rats With Hepatitis E Virus!
Introduction to Hepatitis E Virus (HEV)
HEV, a member of the Hepeviridae family, is a significant public health concern globally. The virus is responsible for acute hepatitis E, characterized by symptoms such as fever, fatigue, jaundice, and dark urine. Pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals are particularly vulnerable to severe complications, including fulminant hepatic failure. HEV transmission occurs through various routes, including direct contact with infected animals, consumption of contaminated food or water, and iatrogenic exposure.
Genetic Diversity and Classification of HEV
HEV is classified into different genera based on host species and genetic characteristics. Paslahepevirus (HEV-A) has been the primary focus due to its human infectivity; however, recent studies have highlighted the zoonotic potential of Rocahepevirus (HEV-C), primarily associated with rodents. The discovery of HEV-C1 in urban rat populations has raised concerns about its impact on human health.
Epidemiological Surveillance in South Korea
The research team conducted an extensive epidemiological survey from 2011 to 2021, collecting wild Norway rats from urban areas in South Korea. Their findings revealed a 4.4% prevalence of HEV-C1 RNA in these rat populations, with distinct genetic sequences indicating geographical diversity. This discovery marks a crucial milestone in understanding the transmission dynamics of rat-derived HEV and its potential implications for public health.
Zoonotic Potential and Transmission Dynamics
While HEV-C1 infections in humans have been reported in various countries, including Hong Kong, Spain, France, and Canada, the exact transmission routes and zoonotic potential remain underexplored. Studies suggest that rat HEV can infect other species, highlighting the need for comprehensive risk assessments and surveillance to mitigate potential outbreaks. The zoonotic potential of HEV-C1 is of particular concern, as evidenced by cases of chronic infection and severe hepatitis in immunocompromised individuals.
Implications for Public Health and Future Research
The emergence of HEV-C1 in urban rat populations poses challenges for public health authorities. Enhanced surveillance, standardized diagnostic methods, and awareness campaigns are essential to dete
ct and manage HEV infections effectively. Future research should focus on elucidating the primary transmission routes, host range, and genetic evolution of HEV-C1 to develop targeted interventions and preventive strategies.
One Health Approach: Integrating Human, Animal, and Environmental Health
The discovery of HEV-C1 in urban rats underscores the importance of the One Health approach, which emphasizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health. Collaborative efforts between medical professionals, veterinarians, ecologists, and public health officials are crucial in addressing emerging infectious diseases and mitigating their impact on both human and animal populations.
Global Perspectives on HEV-C1 and Rat-Associated HEV
The identification of HEV-C1 in South Korea adds to a growing body of evidence on rat-associated HEV worldwide. Similar strains have been detected in rodents in Germany, the United States, Indonesia, and China, suggesting a widespread distribution of these viruses. The zoonotic potential of rat-associated HEV highlights the need for international collaboration and data sharing to better understand and manage these emerging viral threats.
Challenges and Opportunities in HEV Research
Despite significant progress in HEV research, several challenges remain, including limited diagnostic capabilities, gaps in surveillance systems, and the need for effective vaccines and antiviral therapies. Collaborative research initiatives, funding support, and knowledge sharing platforms are essential in advancing our understanding of HEV and developing targeted strategies for prevention and control.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the identification of HEV-C1 in urban rats in South Korea underscores the complex interplay between wildlife reservoirs and human health. This discovery emphasizes the importance of One Health approaches, integrating human, animal, and environmental health surveillance systems to mitigate emerging infectious diseases. Continued research efforts, international collaboration, and public awareness are crucial in addressing the evolving threat of zoonotic viruses like HEV-C1 and safeguarding public well-being.
The study findings were published in the peer-reviewed Journal of Virology.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jmv.29401
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