Vitamin K: New Study Shows That Vitamin K May Offer Protective Health Benefits In The Elderly Especially In Terms Of Vascular Health
Source: Vitamin K and Supplements Jun 16, 2020 3 years, 10 months, 1 week, 2 days, 1 hour, 13 minutes ago
Vitamin K: A new research lead by Tufts University that also involved scientists from Boston University, Wake Forests School Of Medicine and University of Vermont that involved a new, multi-ethnic study found older adults with low vitamin K levels were more likely to die within 13 years compared to those whose vitamin K levels were adequate. The study findings suggest vitamin K, a nutrient found in leafy greens and vegetable oils, may have protective health benefits as humans age.
The detailed meta-analysis of 3 American cohorts involving nearly 4,000 patients aged 54-76, one-third of whom were non-white, was led by scientists from the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University (USDA HNRCA) and Tufts Medical Center and is published in
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article-abstract/111/6/1170/5828188?redirectedFrom=fulltext
The study team categorized participants according to their vitamin K blood levels. The researchers then compared risk of heart disease and risk of death across the categories over approximately 13 years of follow-up.
The study findings showed no significant associations between vitamin K levels and heart disease.
However, significantly the individuals with the lowest vitamin K levels had a 19 percent higher risk of death, compared to those with vitamin K levels that reflected adequate vitamin K intake.
Phylloquinone or
Phytomenadione which is
Vitamin K1 and
Menaquinone or
Vitamin K2 are nutrients that is important for maintaining healthy blood vessels. It is found in leafy greens, such as lettuce, kale and spinach, and in some vegetable oils, especially soybean and canola. It can also be taken as supplements.
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First author Dr Kyla Shea told Thailand Medical News, "The possibility that vitamin K is linked to heart disease and mortality is based on our knowledge about proteins in vascular tissue that require vitamin K to function. These proteins help prevent calcium from building up in artery walls, and without enough vitamin K, they are less functional."
Dr Shea is a leading scientist on the HNRCA's vitamin K team, long renowned for its work on the role of vitamin K in the prevention of chronic disease. Dr Sarah Booth, a co-author on the study and director of the USDA HNRCA, developed the methodology for measuring vitamin K in blood. Her study team measured the vitamin K levels in the study participants and continues to generate data about vitamin K status in population and clinic-based studies.
Dr Daniel Weiner, M.D., nephrologist at Tufts Medical Center, a co-author whose research includes vascular disease in individuals with impaired kidney function said, "Similar to when a rubber band dries out and loses
its elasticity, when veins and arteries are calcified, blood pumps less efficiently, causing a variety of complications. That is why measuring risk of death, in a study such as this, may better capture the spectrum of events associated with worsening vascular health.”
Although this study adds to existing evidence that vitamin K may have protective health benefits, it cannot establish a causal relationship between low vitamin K levels and risk of death because it is observational. Additional studies are also needed to clarify why circulating vitamin K was associated with risk for death but not heart disease.
The research is a meta-analysis, which combined data from participants in three ongoing studies: the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study, the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, and the Framingham Heart Study (Offspring Cohort). Vitamin K levels for participants in all three studies were measured after fasting, with the same test, and processed at the same laboratory (the vitamin K laboratory at the USDA HNRCA), minimizing the potential for laboratory-based variation. The test showed levels of circulating phylloquinone, the compound known as vitamin K1.
Patients on the blood thinner warfarin were excluded because vitamin K counteracts the anti-clotting effects of warfarin. All participants were free of heart disease at baseline and had vitamin K levels measured during a single medical exam that was part of each study's regular protocol.
The research statistical analysis adjusted for age, gender, race, ethnicity, BMI, triglycerides, cholesterol levels, smoking status, and use of medications for diabetes or high blood pressure.
It must be noted that were some limitations to the study, including that circulating phylloquinone was measured from a single blood draw, rather than from repeated blood tests over time. Higher circulating phylloquinone may reflect an overall healthier diet and lifestyle. Lastly, there were fewer heart disease events compared to total deaths, which may have limited researchers' ability to detect statistically significant risk of heart disease.
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Vitamin K and Dietary or Nutritional
Supplements, keep on logging to Thailand Medical News.
