Study Shows That Low Radiation Doses From Common Medical Imaging Procedures Leads To Mutations In Human Cells Cultures!
Source: Thailand Medical News Jan 17, 2020 4 years, 3 months, 1 week, 2 days, 14 hours, 53 minutes ago
It was once thought that common
medical imaging procedures using low doses of
radiation were safe considering that such procedures are done commonly and also the importance of these diagnostic
imaging procedures. However a new study finds that in human cell cultures, these doses create breaks that allow extra bits of DNA to integrate into the chromosome. Dr Roland Kanaar and Dr Alex Zelensky of Erasmus University Medical Center and Oncode Institute and colleagues report these new findings in a study published 16th January in
PLOS Genetics.
Medical scientists have long known that exposing cells to high doses of ionizing
radiation generates
mutations by creating double-strand breaks that let in external segments of DNA. These extraneous fragments of DNA can occur in the nucleus, left over from natural processes, such as genomic DNA repair and viral infections. In the new study, researchers investigated whether low doses of ionizing
radiation have damaging side effects by irradiating human and mouse cells grown in the lab.
When they counted the cells that had taken up foreign DNA, they found that low doses of
radiation, in the upper range of common diagnostic procedures, create
mutations through inserted DNA even more efficiently than the much larger doses studied previously.
Though the new results in cell cultures are potentially concerning, the study's authors stress that translating
radiation's effects on lab-grown cell cultures to effects in the body is premature. Future experiments using animal models will be necessary to determine the full effects of
low-dose radiation, and whether its use in medical imaging has an impact on patient health. If the same phenomenon does occur inside the body, then doctors may need to take into account levels of extraneous DNA, such those resulting from a long-term viral infection, when assessing a patient's risk from a procedure that requires
radiation.
Dr Roland Kanaar told
Thailand Medical News, "Most molecular radiobiological research is focused on high doses of ionizing
radiation relevant to cancer treatment, while effects of physiologically relevant doses of
radiation on the cell are notoriously difficult to study at the molecular level. Our discovery that mutagenic insertion of foreign DNA into cell's genome is remarkably responsive to doses encountered during diagnostic, rather than therapeutic, procedures provides a new simple and sensitive tool to study their consequences and revealed surprising molecular genetic details of how cells cope with natural amounts of DNA damage."
Reference : Alex N. Zelensky et al. Low dose ionizing radiation strongly stimulates insertional mutagenesis in a γH2AX dependent manner, PLOS Genetics (2020).
ttps://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1008550" target="_blank">DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008550
