New Alternative To Antibiotics Discovered By McMaster University And Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Source: Thailand Medical News Nov 07, 2019 6 years, 2 months, 5 days, 19 hours, 22 minutes ago
A research collaboration involving scientists from Canada and America have jointly discovered a new bacteria-killing toxin that shows promise of impacting superbug infectious diseases.
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Dr Whitney and his PhD student Shehryar Ahmad
The discovery of this growth-inhibiting toxin, which bacteria inject into rival bacteria to gain a competitive advantage is set to create a new alternative to antibiotics. The discovery is the result of teamwork by co-senior authors Dr John Whitney, assistant professor of the Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences at McMaster University, and Dr Mike Laub, professor of biology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
Dr Whitney and his PhD student Shehryar Ahmad at McMaster’s Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research were studying how bacteria secrete antibacterial molecules when they came across a new toxin. This toxin was an antibacterial enzyme, one the researchers had never seen before.
Upon determining the molecular structure of this toxin, Whitney and Ahmad realized that it resembles enzymes that synthesize a well-known bacterial signalling molecule called (p)ppGpp. This molecule normally helps bacteria survive under stressful conditions, such as exposure to antibiotics.
Shehryar Ahmad told
Thailand Medical News “The 3D structure of this toxin was at first puzzling because no known toxins look like enzymes that make (p)ppGpp, and (p)ppGpp itself is not a toxin.” Suspecting the toxin might kill bacteria by overproducing harmful quantities of (p)ppGpp, the McMaster team shared their findings with Laub, an investigator of the U.S. Howard Hughes
Medical Institute.
Dr Boyuan Wang, a postdoctoral researcher in the Laub lab who specializes in (p)ppGpp signaling, examined the activity of the newly discovered enzyme. He soon realized that rather than making (p)ppGpp, this enzyme instead produced a poorly understood but related molecule called (p)ppApp. Somehow, the production of (p)ppApp was harmful to bacteria.
The medical researchers determined that the rapid production of (p)ppApp by this enzyme toxin depletes cells of a molecule called ATP. ATP is often referred to as the ‘energy currency of the cell’ so when the supply of ATP is exhausted, essential cellular processes are compromised and the bacteria die.
Dr Whitney commented “I find it absolutely fascinating that evolution has essentially “repurposed” an enzyme that normally helps bacteria survive antibiotic treatment and, instead, has deployed it for use as an antibacterial weapon.”
Dr Charu Kaushic, scientific director of the CIHR-III and a professor of pathology and molecular medicine at McMaster commented, “This is an important discovery with potential implications for developing alternatives to antibiotics, a global priority in the fight against antimicrobial resistance. It is heartening to see that young Canadian researchers like Dr. Whitney are thriving and emerging as leaders in this area.”
Reference : An interbacterial toxin inhibits target cell growth by synthesizing (p)ppApp,
Nature (2019).
ef="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1735-9" target="_blank">DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1735-9 ,
https://nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1735-9
