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Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing blood vessels. Angiogenesis may take place in two ways - endothelial sprouting or non-sprouting (intussusceptive).
Sprouting angiogenesis is the basic mechanism seen in the growth of new blood vessels. It was the first identified form of angiogenesis. It occurs in several well-characterized stages.
There are sequential steps that are finely regulated by chemical mediators in the body. Significant role is played by factors such as Notch, Wnt, VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors).
Some of the steps in sprouting endothelial factors include:-
This type of angiogenesis basically involves splitting or breaking down of a larger blood vessel into smaller ones. The blood vessel or capillary wall enters the existing lumen of the blood vessel to break it up into two or more smaller blood vessels.
Intussusception allows a large increase in the number of capillaries without a corresponding increase in the number of endothelial cells. This is important in development of the embryo.
This occurs in several phases that include:-