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Medical researchers from Queen Mary University of London have created an AI based platform that could open the way to earlier identification of people at risk of heart failure and to the development of new treatments.
The team applied an artificial intelligence (AI) technique to analyse the heart MRI images of 17,200 healthy UK Biobank volunteers. They found that genetic factors accounted for 22-39 per cent of variation in the size and function of the heart's left ventricle, the organ's main pumping chamber. Enlargement and reduced pumping function of the left ventricle can lead to heart failure.
Wellcome Trust and the British Heart Foundation part-funded the research which was published in the journal Circulation. The study suggests that genetic factors significantly influence the variation in heart structure and function. The team identified or confirmed 14 regions in the human genome associated with the size and function of the left ventricle, each containing genes that regulate the early development of heart chambers and the contraction of heart muscle.
"It is exciting that the state-of-the-art AI techniques now allow rapid and accurate measurement of the tens of thousands of heart MRI images required for genetic studies. The findings open up the possibility of earlier identification of those at risk of heart failure and of new targeted treatments. The genetic risk scores established from this study could be tested in future studies to create an integrated and personalised risk assessment tool for heart failure. The AI tool allowed us to analyse images in a fraction of the time it would otherwise have taken. Our academic and commercial partners are further developing these AI algorithms to analyse other aspects of cardiac structure and function. This should translate to time and cost savings for the NHS and could potentially improve the efficiency of patient care." commented Dr. Nay Aung, Lead researcher in a phone interview with Thailand Medical News.
Previous studies have shown that differences in the size and function of the heart are partly influenced by genes but most have not really understood the extent of that genetic influence. This study has shown that several genes known to be important in heart failure also appear to regulate the heart size and function in healthy people. That understanding of the genetic basis of heart structure and function in the general population improves our knowledge of how heart failure evolves.The study provides a blueprint for future genetic research involving the heart MRI images in the UK Biobank and beyond.
High fidelity MRI measures combined with genetics is reassuringly validating many known heart structural proteins, but our work also finds new genes from more heritable functional measures that are associated with ventricular remodelling and fibrosis. Further genetic studies including analyses of additional heart MRI chambers are expected to provide deeper insights into heart biology.
It is expected that many more genetic markers for cardiac conditions will be identified as the UK Biobank database grows. Earlier this month UK Biobank announced it will begin sequencing the whole human genome of 450,000 participants, following the success of the pilot sequencing programme in 50,000 participants.
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With the advent of AI and Big Data, Biobanks have become an important resource in medical research, supporting many types of contemporary research like genomics and personalized medicine. The researchers hope that with this new AI platform, it can also be adapted for use in other countries with huge biobanks to also serve the same purpose of isolating heart failure candidates earlier.
Nay Aung et al, Genome-Wide Analysis of Left Ventricular Image-Derived Phenotypes Identifies Fourteen Loci Associated with Cardiac Morphogenesis and Heart Failure Development, Circulation (2019). DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.041161
