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Like most cancers outcome or prognosis of the patient with chronic myeloid leukemia depends on several factors. Many of these further depend on the person’s ability to respond to therapy.
These prognostic factors are sometimes helpful when choosing treatment modalities and predicting possible outcome.
Factors that are not good and are associated with shorter survival time are called adverse prognostic factors. Similarly some factors are good and predict a good response to therapy and better outcome.
These factors usually predict a worse outcome from treatment of CML. These include:-
The prognostic factors are taken into account and are scored as per the Sokal system to predict the outlook of the patient.
The Sokal prognostic system takes into account several factors like the age of the person, the percent of blasts, the size of the spleen, the numbers of different kinds of cells etc. in order to predict the possible outcome of the cancer.
Before the Sokal system the Euro score system was used to divide patients into different risk groups. It is not clear if these systems are wholly effective in predicting outcome after the advent of more targeted and effective therapies with drugs like Imatinib.
The exact survival rates are not known for all cases of CML. However, 90% of those patients who respond favourably to tyrosine kinase inhibitors like Imatinib have been seen to survive without complications for at least 5 years after treatment commencement. Most of these patients had normal white blood cell counts at 5 years.